Care 1010 for wood Care 1011 for wood Care 1040 for wood Care 1042 for wood Care 1044 for wood Care 1046 for wood Care 1048 for wood WOOD Wood consists mainly of cells of cellulose and hemicelluloses, which is held together by lignin. Because of different climates in the winter and summer the wood has different growing conditions that result in many types of wood with clear growth rings. Also tropical wood sometimes have clear growth rings especially when they are from areas with different raining seasons. The characteristics in terms of grain, toughness, strength and fissile vary from species to species, and often from tree to tree. Wood is used for many useful purposes. It forms the basis for paper. Wood is an important commodity. It is widely used in the construction of houses and furniture, on floors, window frames, roofs and finishes. Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, and remains widely used today. Today however, many products with wood as a raw material are replaced by other materials such as metals and plastics the so called composite materials. Wood of different tree species has different characteristics. Often there is a rough classification made of wood in non-coniferous wood (or hardwood) and coniferous (or soft wood). Softwood types, e.g. spruce and pine, are often quite soft; some hardwood species such as oak are much heavier and harder. If a wood is hard, it does not mean it is difficult to process: beautiful red mahogany wood is a very hard but wood, but very easy to process and ideal for expensive furniture. Moreover, different types of wood have: • variety and colour • different density (in practice wood is not measured in weight density but in volumetric density) • different fissile properties • different behaviour at varying humidity • different strengths • sensitivity to different climate characteristics • rotting and insects Examples of hardwood wood | Tree Species | Scientific name | density kg/m3 | acacia | | Acacia spp. | 730-900 | afzelia | | Afzelia spp. | 730-900 | American hard maple | Sugar maple | Acer saccharum | 530-720 | apple (wood) | apple tree | Malus sylvestris | 540-810 | azobé | | Lophira alata | 940-1100 | Vinegar wood | holm oak | Quercus ilex | 800-1100 | Beech | Beech | Fagus sylvatica | 700 | Birch | Birch | Betula spp. | 650 | bilinga | Bilinga | Nauclea trillesii | 750-850 | ebony | | Diospyros spp. | 1200 | Oak | Oak | Quercus spp. | 700 | maple | European maple | Acer spp. | 610 | ash | ash | Fraxinus excelsior | 530-830 | chestnut | Sweet Chestnut | Castanea sativa | 550 | cherry | Black cherry | Prunus serotina | 500-600 | lime | lime-tree | Tillia spp. | 540 | mahogany | | Swietenia spp. | 550-750 | meranti | | Shorea spp. | 640-860 | merbau | | Intsia spp. | 800-900 | Iroko | | Milicia regia spp. | 650-870 | nuts | Walnut | Juglans spp. | 610-770 | Horse Chestnut | Horse Chestnut | Aesculus hippocastanum | 540 | boxwood | Buxus | Buxus sempervirens | 940-1050 | pear | pear | Pyrus communis | 700 | Lignum vitae | | Guaiacum spp. | 1200-1500 | poplar | poplar | Populus spp | 450 | robinia | Robinia | Robinia pseudoacacia | 540-860 | Sapupira | sapupira | Angelim da Mara | 680-1000 | teak | Teakboom | Tectona grandis | 630-680 | willow | willow | Salix spp. | 450 | wengé | | Millettia laurentii | 750-1000 | cherry | Sweet cherries | Prunus avium | 600 | Examples of coniferous wood | Tree Species | Scientific name | density kg/m3 | pine | Scots pine | Pinus silvestris | 510 | larch | European larch | Larix decidua en spp. | 530-580 | oregon pine | Douglas fir | Pseudotsuga menziesii | 530 | spruce | spruce | Picea | 460 | hemlock | Hemlock fir | Tsuga spp. | 450 | parana pine | | Araucaria angustifolia | 480-640 | pin des landes | Maritime Pine | Pinus pinaster | | pitch pine | pine | Pinus spp. | 630 | southern yellow pine | pine | Pinus spp. | various kinds |
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